The safety of the power battery has always been very concerned about consumers, after all, the phenomenon of spontaneous combustion of electric vehicles occur from time to time, who do not want their own electric vehicles there are security risks. But the battery is installed in the interior of the electric car, the average person simply can not see what the power battery looks like, not to mention to detect whether it is safe, in this case how to understand the status of the battery？
Then it comes to one of the key systems of electric vehicles, that is, the BMS battery management system, the following Amass take you to understand the battery BMS management system.
BMS is also called Battery Nanny or Battery Manager, the role of BMS is not only reflected in the management of battery heat. The most direct way for users to understand the state of the battery is to monitor the state of the battery, intelligent management and maintenance of each battery unit, thus preventing the battery from over-charging and over-discharging, in order to achieve the purpose of extending the service life of the battery.
To realize the monitoring of the battery alone is not enough to rely on a certain component, it requires close cooperation between multiple components, the system units include control modules, display modules, wireless communication modules, electrical equipment, battery packs used to supply power to the electrical equipment, and for the collection of battery packs used to collect battery information collection module.
By combining many system units together to form a battery management system that is closely integrated with the power battery of an electric vehicle, the battery management system can utilize sensors for real-time detection of the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery.
At the same time, it also carries out leakage detection, thermal management, battery equalization management, alarm reminder, calculates the remaining capacity, discharging power, reports the degree of battery degradation and the remaining capacity status, and can also control the maximum output power with algorithm according to the battery’s voltage, current, and temperature in order to obtain the maximum mileage, as well as controlling the charging machine to charge the optimal current with the algorithm.
And through the CAN bus interface, it is connected to the total vehicle controller, motor controller, energy control system, vehicle display system and so on for real-time communication, so that the user can always grasp the state of the battery.
What is the hardware structure of the battery management system? The hardware topology of BMS inside the power battery can be divided into two ways: centralized and distributed. The centralized type is mainly used in occasions where the battery pack capacity is relatively small and the module and battery pack type are relatively fixed.
It integrates all electrical components into a large board, the sampling chip channel utilization rate is the highest, the circuit design is relatively simple, and the product cost is greatly reduced. However, all the acquisition harnesses will be connected to the motherboard, which is a huge challenge for the security and stability of BMS, and the scalability is relatively poor.
Another kind of distribution is the opposite, in addition to the motherboard, but also add one or more slave boards, a battery module equipped with a slave board, the advantage is that the scale of a single module is small, so the sub-module to the single battery wire will be relatively short, to avoid the hidden dangers and errors caused by too long wire. And the extensibility has been greatly improved. The disadvantage is that the number of cells in the battery module is less than 12, which will cause waste of sampling channels.
Overall, BMS plays a very important role for us to grasp the status of the power battery, which can help us to respond to the crisis in time and reduce the safety risk in case of emergency.
Of course, the BMS is not foolproof, the system will inevitably fail, in the daily use of certain checks need to be carried out, especially in the summer time, it is best to be able to do a monitoring of the battery to ensure that the battery is normal, to ensure the safety of travel.
Post time: Dec-23-2023